అధ్యాయము 15
The Sequence Of Tenses
95. ఒక వాక్యములో రెండు మూడు verb tenses ఉండును. ఆ tenses ను దేని తర్వాత దేనిని ఉంచాలి అనే విషయం ఈ chapter చెబుతుంది. Subordinate clause లోనున్న tense (కాలగమనము) main clause లోనున్న tense ను follow ఆవుతుంది. ఈ రెంటి యొక్క సంబంధము ఎలా ఉండాలో Sequence of Tense అను సిద్ధాంతము చెబుతుంది. Sequence of Tenses అనగా ఒక వాక్యములో verb పదముల యొక్క tenses ఏ వరుసక్రమంలో ఉండాలో చెప్పునట్టి సిద్ధాంతము అని అర్ధము. ఈ సిద్ధాంతము ముఖ్యముగా Subordinate clause లోని verb పదము యొక్క tense, ప్రధాన clause (principal clause) యొక్క verb పదము యొక్క tense ఏ విధంగా, ఏ సిద్ధాంతము ప్రకారము follow కావాలో చెబుతుంది. ఈ వరుస క్రమము తప్పితే, వాక్యము యొక్క భావము పూర్తిగా తప్పిపోతుంది.
96. Main clause
(Past Tense) subordinate clause 5 verb పదము కూడా సాధారణంగా Past Tense లో ఉంటుంది.
He hinted that he wanted money.
She replied that she felt better.
1 found out that he was guilty.
He saw that the clock had stopped.
He replied that he would come.
I never thought that I should see him again.
I took care that he should not hear me.
They climbed higher so that they might get a better view.
I worked hard so that I might succeed.
ఈ rule కు రెండు మినహాయింపులు (exceptions) ఈ విధంగా ఉన్నవి :-
Read and Learn more Synthesis of Sentences
(a) Subordinate clause అందరికీ తెలిసిన విషయాన్ని (నగ్న సత్యము) వివరించు సందర్భములో main clauses (past tense), Subordinate clause present tense
ఉంటుంది.
Newton discovered that the force of gravitation makes apples fall.
Galileo maintained that the earth moves round the sun.
Euclid proved that the three angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles.
He said that honesty is always the best policy.
(b) Subordinate clause, than
600, main clause past tense
Subordinate clause దాని అవసరాన్నిబట్టి (సందర్భమును బట్టి) ఏ tense లోనైనా ఉండవచ్చను.
He liked you better than he likes me.
He helped him more than he helps his own children.
I then saw him oftener than I see him now.
He valued his friendship more than he values mine.
97. అవసరాన్నిబట్టి (భావసౌలభ్యమును బట్టి), principal clause present tense లోగాని Future Tense లోగాని ఉన్నప్పటికీ, Subordinate clause తనకు అనుకూలమై Tense భావమును చూపవచ్చును.
He thinks that she is there. He thinks that she was there.
He thinks that she will be there. He will think that she is there. He will think that she was there.
He will think that she will be there. 1030U32 3HT
Principal clause వర్తమాన కాలములో గాని (Present) భవిష్యత్కాలములో గాని (Future) ఉన్నది. అనుకుందాము. Subordinate clause ఒక purpose ను (ఉద్దేశ్యమును) తెలియచేయునది అని అనుకుందాము. ఇట్టి పరిస్థితిలో Subordinate clause తప్పనిసరిగా Present tense లో ఉంటుంది.
I eat so that I may live.
I shall nurse him so that he may live.
అభ్యాసము 101
ఈ క్రింది వాక్యములలో Verb యొక్క correct tense ఉపయోగించండి :-
1. I waited for my friend until he_ ____ (To come.)
2 So long as the rain_________ I stayed at home. (To continue)
3. I did not know it until you.__________(To speak.)
4. He speaks as one who_________ (To know.)
5. He ran as quickly as he_______ (Can or could ?)
6. He went where he_____find work. (Can or could ?)
7. Wherever there is coal you________find iron. (Will or would ?)
8. He behaves as one ___________expect him to do. (May or might?)
9. He ran away because he ____________afraid. (To be)
10. He fled where his pursuers ____________not follow. (Can or could?)
11. As he____________ not there, I spoke to his brother. (To be.)
12. The notice was published in order that all_____________ know the facts.(May or might ?)
13. He was so tired that he ______________scarcely stand. (Can or could ?)
14. You make such a noise that I ___________not work. (Can or could ?)
15. He finished first though he___________ late. (To begin.)
16. His health has improved since he_______________ India. (To leave.)
17. As soon as he the news he _____________wrote to me. (To hear.)
18. After the shower_______________ over, the sun shone out again. (To be.)
19. Whenever we we _____________________talk of old times. (To meet.)
20. Answer the first question before you_____________ further. (To proceed.)
21. Just as he__________ the room the clock struck. (To enter.)
22. Now that we______ safe we stopped to take breath. (To feel.)
23. Wherever he____________ the people gathered to listen. (To preach.)
24. He speaks as though he____________ very angry. (To be.)
25. He ran because he_____________ in a hurry. (To be.)
26. I do it because I______________ to. (To choose.)
27. He advanced as far as he______________. (To dare.)
28. He lost more than he _____________________afford. (Can or could ?)
29. He eats as much as he___________________ . (Can or could ?)
30. He rode as swiftly as he______________ . (Can or could?)
31. He locked the papers up so that they__________________ be safe. (May or might ?)
32. He walked as though he_____________ slightly lame. (To be.)
33. He stayed at home because he____________ feeling ill. (To be.)
34. I forgive you since you________________. (To repent)
35. He labours hard so that he______________ become rich. (May or might ?)
36. We shall wait here until you_______________ . (To come.)
37. He rested his horse, for it_________________. (To limp.)
38. You may sit wherever you _________________. (To like.)
39. He went to Kolkata that he________________ find work. (May or might ?)
40. I would die before I___________________. (To lie).
41. They come to see us as often as they________________. (Can or could ?)
42. I studied hard in order that I ______________succeed. (May or might ?)
43. He_____ so hard that he is certain to succeed. (To work.)
44. She told me that she __________come. (Will or would ?)
45. He would succeed if he_________ . (To try.)
46. i asked him what I __________do. (Can or could ?)
47. He came oftener than we_____________ . (To expect)
48. I would not attempt it if you ____________me. (To ask.)
49. He walked so fast than I_________ not overtake him. (Can or could?)
అభ్యాసము 102
ఈ క్రింది ఖాళీలలో తగిన Auxiliary Verb ను ఉపయోగించండి. Auxiliary Verbs అనగా సహాయక Sce. a Verb 350 number 50 tense 55. in, are; will, would; may, might మొదలైనవి. Tense sequence ని జాగ్రత్తగా పాటించాలి.
1. He died so that he_________ save the flag.
2. They erected signposts in order that the road______ be known.
3. We eat so that we_______ live.
4. Even if he paid me to do so, I _____not live in his house.
5. You_________ go only if you have permission.
6. On the understanding that you return soon, you__________ go out.
7. A bridge was built in order that the dangerous ferry ___________be avoided.
8. He begs from door to door so that he _________keep body and soul together.
9. He was so tired that he__________scarcely stand.
10. He went to England in order that he _________become a barrister.
11. You make such a noise that I____ not work.
12. He asked again whether supper________ be ready soon.
13. In order that he iearn the language quickly, he ________engaged a teacher.
14. He said that he__________ doit.
15. The thieves stole whatever they ___________find in the house.
16. He begged that we _____________pardon him.
17. I wished that I __________come earlier.
18. He said that he__________ try again.
19. He worked hard so that he________ win the prize.
20. We ran so that we__________ arrive in time.
21. He said that he_____________ give an early reply.
అభ్యాసము 103
ఈ క్రింది Complex వాక్యములలో అనుకూలముగానున్న Verbs ను ఉపయోగించండి.
1. They sold the house because it_________ old.
2 He solemnly assured them that they___ quite mistaken.
3. I come home when it ______to rain.
4. The soldiers advanced when the bugle_______
5. I asked him what his name___________
6 He had a cow that____ enormous quantities of milk.
7. When the sun set he_____home.
8. He told them that they___wrong.
9. I heard that there_________a disturbance in the city.
10. Could you doubt that there_____a God?