అధ్యాయము 23
Order Of Words
203. English భాషలో inflexions (పద రూప భేదములు) తక్కువగా నున్నందున పదములను ఏ పద్దతిలో (order) రాయవలయుననేది చాలా ప్రాముఖ్యమైన విషయము. ఈ క్రింద చూపబడిన పద్దతి (Order) లో సర్వసాధారణంగా ఉపయోగించు పద్దతి:
1) subject పదము సర్వసాధారణంగా verb కు ముందు భాగములో ఉంటుంది.
The dog bit the horse.
The people rang the bell for joy.
2) Verb పదము తరువాతనే object పదము (క్రియా పదము) ఉంటుంది.
The horse bit the dog.
The King wears a crown.
3) ఒక వాక్యములో ఒక direct object మరియొక indirect object ఉన్నచో వాక్యము యొక్క ముందు భాగములో indirect object ఉంటుంది. తరువాత direct object ఉంటుంది.
Lend me your ears. (చెవులు అను పదము direct object)
4) ఒక adjective పదమును attributive పద్దతిలో వాడినపుడు (ఒక లక్షణమును చూపుట) ఆ పదము noun పదమునకు ముందున ఉంటుంది. ఇచ్చట ఆ adjective పదము noun ను వర్ణించే విధముగా ఉంటుంది.
Few cats like cold water.
I like the little pedlar who has a crooked nose.
King Francis was a hearty king, and loved a royal sport.
5) Adjective ను predicate గా వాడినపుడు అది noun తరువాత ఉంటుంది.
The child is asleep.
The horse became restive.
Read and Learn More Correct usage of grammar
6) Adjective phrase noun వెనకాలనే ఉంటుంది. (ఇచ్చట asleep అను పదము child యొక్క పరిస్థితిని వివరిస్తూ adjective అయినది మరియు sentence ను పూర్తిచేయుచు predicate అయినది.
Old Tubal Cain was a man of might.
The tops of the mountains were covered with snow.
7) Adverb పదము ఏ పదమునయితే అజమాయిషీ (modify) చేస్తుందో దాని దగ్గరనే ఉంటుంది. Nothing ever happens by chance.
John is a rather lazy boy.
He worked only two sums.
He never tells a lie.
గమనిక (Note) : Adverb పదము sentence మొత్తాన్ని modify చేయు సందర్భములో అది వాక్యమునకు ముందున ఉంటుంది.
8) వివరించే (qualifying) అన్నీ కూడా అవి ఎవరినైతే వివరించుచున్నవో వానికి సామీప్యంలోనే ఉండును.
He died in the village where he was born.
The dog that bites does not bark.
People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
204. కొన్ని నొక్కి వక్కాణించి చెప్పవలసిన సందర్భములలో (emphasis) సహజముగా పైన చెప్పిన
విధమైన order లో మార్పులు సంభవించును.
Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.
Monkeys I detest.
Money you shall have.
Blessed are the merciful.
Great is Diana of the Ephesians.
Great is the struggle, and great is also the prize.
Just and true are all Thy ways.
Fallen, fallen is Baylon!
Silver and gold have I none, but such as I have give I unto thee.
205. పదములను పొరపాటున తప్పు క్రమములో arrange చేయుటవలన వాక్యము nonsense
అయ్యే ప్రమాదమున్నది.
Few people learn anything that is worth learning easily.
He blew out his brains, after bidding his wife goodbye with a gun.
A gentleman has a dog to sell who wishes to go abroad.
వివరించే (qualifying) పదములు phrases మరియు clauses అన్నీకూడా అవి ఏఏ భావములను వివరించుచున్నవో (qualify) ఆ భావములకు సంబంధించిన words దగ్గరలోనే ఉండవలయును.
అభ్యాసము 117
ఈ క్రింద చూపిన వాక్యములలోని పొరపాట్లను సరిదిద్ది correct వాక్యములను రాయండి :
1. For sale, piano, the property of a musician, with carved legs.
2 He tore up the tender letter which his mother had written him in a fit of peevish vexation.
3 The captain took the things which the gods provided with thankful good humour.
4. Sometimes you will see an alligator lying in the sunshine on the bank eight feet long.
5. All the courtiers told the Queen how beautiful she was all the day long.
6 Mrs. Jeremy Daud was sitting with her husband on the steps of the hotel when Amy and Dulce came up, with her lap full of newspapers.
7. The man ought to be brought before a magistrate who utters such threats.
8 He visited the battlefield where Napoleon was defeated in his holidays.
9. He killed the sparrow which was eating some crumbs with a gun.
10. No magnanimous victor would treat those whom the fortune of war had put in his power so cruelly.
11. The constable said that the prisoner seizing a bolster full of rage and fury had knocked the prosecutor down.
12. A nurse maid is wanted for a baby about twenty years old.
13. I spent the three last days of my holiday in a chair with a swollen leg.
14. This monument has been erected to the memory of John Brown who was accidentally shot by his brothe as a mark of affection.
15. In thirty-seven wrecks only five lives were fortunately lost.
16. The following verses were written by a young man who has long since been dead for his own amusement.
17. Many works must close if the strike lasts over the weekend owing to lack of fuel.
18. There will be a meeting of all boys who play cricket and football in the long room at 4 o’clcok.
అభ్యాసము 118
ఉన్న వాక్యములను సరిగ్గా arrange చేసి రాయండి.
1. These acts were pushed through Parliament in spite of opposition with but little modification.
2. His body was found floating lifeless on the water at a short distance from where the boat was upset by a fisherman.
3. The beaux of that day painted their faces as well as the women.
4. He saw countless numbers of the dead riding across the field of battle.
5. They only work when they have no money.
6. He refused to relieve the beggar with a frown on his face.
7. He was very fond of her; he thought of marrying her more than once.
8. It is proposed to construct a bath for males 99 feet long.
9. One day the bird did not perform certain tricks which had thought it to his satisfaction.
10. I have lately received permission to print the following tale from the author’s son.
11. They left the hotel where they had been staying in a motor-car.
12. The Board of Education has resolved to erect a building large enough to accommodate 500 students three storeys high.
13. He spoke of the notion that the national debt might be repudiated with absolute contempt.
14. One of the combatants was unhurt, and the other sustained a wound in the arm of no importance.
15. Girl wanted for telephone of nice manners and appearance.
16. He repeated the whole poem after he had read it only once with perfect accuracy.
17. He was shot by a secretary under notice to quit with whom he was finding fault very fortunately without effect.
18. A clever judge would see whether a witness was deliberately lying a great deal better than a stupid jury.
19. I was rather impressed by the manner of the orator than by his matter.
20. He was driving away from the church where he had been married in a coach and six.
21. Stories have been related of thesk animals which are of an entirely fictitious character.