అధ్యాయము 6
More About Adjective Clauses
38. Complex sentence లో Adjective Clause కేవలం subordinate clause గానే ఉంటుంది. అయినను అది noun ను గాని pronoun ను గాని వర్ణించియే తీరును. Adjective Clause Relative Pronoun లేక Relative Adverb చేత ప్రవేశపెట్టబడును.
Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.
He is the man whom we all respect.
The time when the boat leaves is not yet fixed.
The house where the accident occurred is nearby. The reason why I did it is obvious.
39. కొన్ని సందర్భములలో Relative Pronoun ‘Co-ordinate clause’ ని ప్రవేశపెడుతూంది.
I met Rama, who (= and he) gave me your message.
పైన చూపినట్లుగా ఇచ్చట ‘who’ అనబడే Relative Pronoun ద్వారా Co-ordinate clause ను ప్రవేశపెట్టడం జరిగింది.
(ఈ వాక్యమును చదివిన వెంటనే మనకు ‘who gave me your message’ అనునది Adjective clause మరియు Subordinate అనిపిస్తుంది. కాని అది సరికాదు.
ఇక్కడ గమనించవలసిన విషయమేమిటంటే ఈ Subordinate clause ‘Rama’ అనే Subject ను వర్ణించటము లేదు, సూచించుటనూ లేదు. ఇచ్చట who అనే పదానికి and he అనే అర్ధం ఉన్నది కదా!
Read and Learn more Analysis Transformation of Sentences
ఈ క్రింది వాక్యమును చూడండి.
He is the boy who broke the window.
ఇచ్చట ‘who broke the window’ అను clause ‘boy’ అను నామవాచక పదమును clear గా గుర్తించుచున్నది. కావున అది Adjective clause అనగా అతడి పనిని వివరిస్తుంది.) .
40. Co-ordinating Clauses ను introduce చెయ్యడానికి ప్రవేశ పెట్టడానికి) ఇచ్చట ‘who’ మరియు ‘which’ అను Pronouns ను వాడినాము :-
I met Mr. Joshi, who (- and he) thereupon shook hands with me.
The prisoner was taken before the Captain, who (= and he) condemned him to instant death.
He gave me a message, which (= and it) is this.
He released the bird, which (= and it) at once flew away.
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41. Adjective Relative Pronoun mm Relative Adverb mm introduce
ఒక ప్రక్రియ. దీనిని అర్ధం చేసుకోవాలి. బహిరంగంగా రాయడం ఉండదు.
Eat all you can.
[Here the Relative Pronoun that is understood, but not exhibited]
I saw a man I know.
[Here the Relative Pronoun whom is understood.]
Where’s the book he left for me?
[Here the Relative Pronoun which is understood.]
On the day you pass the examination I shall give you a reward.
[Here the Relative Adverb when is understood].
The reason I have come is to ask for my money.
[Here the relative Adverb why is understood, but not exhibited]
42. ఈ క్రింది వాక్యములలో మాదిరిగా, ‘but’ అను పదమును పూర్వం relative pronoun m వాడెడివారు. అట్టి సందర్భములో ‘but’ అను పదము వెనువెంటనే ‘not’ ఉన్న relative pronoun తో | సమానమైన హోదాలో ఉంటుంది.
There was not a woman present but wept to hear such news.
[That is, who did not weep to hear such news.]
And not a man of the three hundred at Thermopylae but died at his post
[That is, who did not die at his post]
Nor is there a man here but loved our Caesar.
[That is, who did not love our Caesar.]
There was not a widow but longed to die upon the pyre of her husband.
[That is, who did not long to die, etc.]
There is no fireside but has one vacant chair.
[That has not one vacant chair.]
43. ‘Than’ అను పదమును కొన్ని సందర్భములలో Preposition గా వాడడం జరుగుతుంది. ఇలా వాడినపుడు ఆ పదము Adjective Clause లో Relative Pronoun కు ముందున ఉంటుంది.
They elected Rama than whom no better boy ever went to school.
We will follow Brutus than whom Rome knows no nobler son.
It was a blow than which no crueller was ever struck.
We came to a spot than which mine eyes have seldom seen a lovelier sight.
44. Infinitive verb తో కలిపి to’ అను పదమును వాడినట్లయితే అది Adjective Clause సమానమైన హోదా కలిగి వుంటుంది.
1. (a) Give me some food which I may eat.
(b) Give me some food to eat.
2. (a) He has no boots which he can wear.
(b) He has no boots to wear.
3 (a) The doctor has given me medicine which I must take.
(b) The doctor has given me medicine to take.
4. (a) I have work which I must do.
5. (b) I have work to do.
(a) His mother gave him Rs.10 which he might put in his morey-box.
(b) His mother gave him Rs.10 to put in his money-box.
అభ్యాసము 40
ఈ క్రింది వాక్యములలో నున్న Adjective Clauses ను గుర్తించండి. తరువాత Main clauses లోని ఏ ఏ నామవాచకములను మరియు ఏ ఏ వర్వనామములను (pronouns) అవి qualify (గుర్తింపు ఇచ్చుట) చేయుచున్నవో రాయండి :
1. This is the house that Jack built.
2. He that climbs too high is sure to fall.
3. She sleeps the sleep that knows no waking.
4. We obeyed the order the teacher gave us.
5. Servants that are honest are trusted.
6. They never fail who die in a great cause.
7. We love those who love us.
8. The moment which is lost is lost for ever.
9. I have a little shadow which goes in and out with me.
10. It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.
11. Youth is the time when the seeds of character are sown.
12. It was the schooner Hesperus that sailed the wintry sea.
13. They never pardon who have done the wrong.
14. He has a son who has made a name for himself.
15. A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
16. All that glitters is not gold.
17. He could not answer the question I asked him.
18. He laughs best who laughs last.
19. All the blessings we enjoy come from God.
20. They that are whole have no need of the physician.
21. Little good work can be expected from men who are great boasters.
22. It is a long lane that has no turning.
23. The night is long that never finds the day.
24. He failed in everything that he laid his hands upon.
25. He gave me everything I asked for.
26. He has tricks that remind me of his father.
27. The fox saw the grapes which hung over the garden wall.
28. I duly received the message you sent me.
29. The bark that held a prince went down.
30. Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot o’er the grave where our hero we buried.
31. He that is down need fear no fall.
32. We are such stuff as dreams are made on.
33. The man that hath no music in his soul is fit for treason.
34. Who lives longest sees the most.
35. True love’s the gift which God has given to man alone beneath the heaven.
36. The plan you propose is a very good one.
37. Often I think of the beautiful town that is seated by the sea