Conversion Of Sentences : Definition & Types with Examples in Telugu

Phrases and Clauses

‘There is a green book on the table’ on the table’ అను మాటల సముదాయము (group of words) ‘బల్లమీద’ అను : అర్థమిచ్చు చున్నది. కాని పూర్తి అయిన అర్థమిచ్చుట లేదు. మరియు ఆ సము దాయము (on the table) లో subject గాని, finite verb గాని లేదు. ఇట్టి అర్థవంతమైన మాటల సముదాయమును phrase అందురు. ఉ

Def.: A phrase is a group of words equivalent to a single part of speech and not having a subject and a predicate of its own. In the sentence ‘I saw a boy, who was carrying a basket of flowers’ ‘a basket of flowers’ is a phrase; ‘who was carrying a basket of flowers’ and ‘I saw a boy’ are clauses.

Conversion Of Sentences Definition And Types With Examples In Telugu

Kinds of Phrases

Phrases are of three kinds .. (1) A phrase that does the work of noun is called a Noun phrase; as: A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. (2) A phrase that does the work of an adjective is called an Adjectival Phrase; as:- The house on the hill is mine. (3) A phrase that does the work of an adverb is called an Adverbial Phrase; as:- I will come in the evening.

Note: Preposition తో నారంభించు Phrase, దాని ప్రయోగమును బట్టి Adjective phrase గాని, Adverb Phrase గాని కావచ్చును. ఉదా: The house on the hill is mine. (Adj. phrase). I built a house on the hill. (adv. phrase).

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Conversion Of Sentences

N.B.: All the examples given in this chapter may with advantage be made to serve to illustrate the conversion of one kind of sentence into another and vice versa. It is only then that the fullest benefit is derived by the pupils for acquiring mastery over the language.

From Simple to Complex
1. A simple sentence may be converted or changed into a Complex sentence by expanding some word or phrase into a Subordinate clause.
This Subordinate clause may be a Noun clause, an Ad- jective clause or an Adverb clause.

Noun Clauses

Study the following:- A

Simple	Complex
1. Do you know the owner of this house?	Do you know who owns this this house?
2. I asked him his name	I asked him what his name was?
3. Can you tell me the date of his birth?	Can you tell me when he was was born?
4. Do you know the place of his birth?	Do you know where he was born?
5 He would not explain the reason of his absence	He would not explain why he reason was absent
6 He does not know the method of working the sum.	He does not know how the sum is to be worked.
7. I enquired his state of health.	I enquired how his health was.
8. He does not know how to He does not know how he do it.	He does not know how he should do it.

Simple	Complex
1. He admitted his guilt.	He admitted that he was guilty.
2. His success is doubtful.	It is doubtful whether he will succeed.
3. He is hopeful of his success.	He is hopeful that he will succeed.
4. There can be no doubt of his success.	There can be no doubt that he will succed
5. I was informed of his arrival.	I was informed that he had arrived.
6. I believed in his honesty.	I believed that he was honest.
7. The roundness of the earth is learly proved.	That the earth is round is clearly proved.
8. We decided on his going.	We decided that he should go.
9. The question of his pro- motion is under conside- ration.	The question whether he should be promoted or not is under consideration.

His failure was due to his laziness.

It was due to his laziness that he failed.

Note: Phrases are generally converted into clauses by changing the noun or pronoun in the possessive into the subject and the noun or gerund into the predicate.

Simple	Complex
1. They are known to be honest.	It is known that they are honest.
2. They are known to have been honest.	It is known that they were honest.
3. It is not safe for you to live alone.	It is not safe that you should live alone.
4. The High School at Arcot owes its existence to Mr. Abdul Hakim.	It is owing to Mr. Abdul Hakim that the High School at Arcot exists.
5. He may (must) have lost his way.	It may (must) be that he lost his way.

Simple	Complex
1. I consider him to be honest.	I consider that he is honest.
2. What do you want me me to do?	What is it that you want me to do?
3. I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.	I am sorry that I have given you so much trouble.

Simple	Complex
He will certainly pass the examination	It is certain that he will pass the examination.

Note: The adverb is changed into the principal clause beginning with it.

A
Simple	Complex
1. Diligent students win prizes.	Students who are diligent win prizes.
2. A burnt child dreads the fire.	A child that burnt itself (= its fingers) dreads the fire.
3. The evil done by men lives after them.	The evil that is done by men (or that men do) lives after them.
B
A drowning man catches at a straw.	A man who is drowning catches at a straw.
C
The man in the boat was shouting.	The man who was in the boat was shouting.
D
Abraham Lincoln was the first American to oppose slavery.	Abraham Lincoln was the first American who opposed slavery.
E
We shall imitate the great qualities of our fore-fathers.	We shall imitate the great qualities that our fore-fathers possessed.
F
Rama, the son of Dasaratha ruled over Ayodhya.	Rama, who was the son of Dasaratha, ruled over Ayodhya.
G
I will fulfil my promise.	I will fulfil what I have prom- ised or I will fulfil the promise (that) I have made.

Adverb Clauses

Simple	Complex
1. a) He failed in spite of his industry.	He failed though he was industrious.
b) With all his learning he is the simplest of men.	Though he is a man of great learning, he is the simplest of men.
c) For all his wealth he is is not contented	Though he is a wealthy man, he is not contented.
2. He built his house at the junction of two roads.	He built his house where two roads met.
3. I punished him for impertinence.	I punished him because+ he was impertinent.
4. We finished the work before his departure.	We finished the work before he departed.
5. I have not seen him since his arrival.	I have not seen him since he arrived.
6. He did according to instructions.	He did as he was instructed (told).
7. But for the timely arrival of the police, he would have been killed.	Had not the police arrived in time, he would have been killed = If the pilice had not arrived in time, he would have been killed.
8. In case of (or in the event of) his coming here, I shall surely meet him.	If he comes here
9. I cannot do this without your help.	I shall surely meet him.
10. On hearing the news, he fainted.	I cannot do this unless you help me.
11. I was healthy during my stay there.	When he heard the news he fainted.
12. Dinner being over, we slept.	I was healthy while I stayed there.
13. Immediately after (soon after) our arrival we went to bed.	When dinner was over, we slept.
14. Being innocent, the prisoner was released.	As soon as we arrived, we went to bed.
15. With your permission	As the prisoner was innocent, he was released.
I shall do the lesson again.	If you permit me, I shall do the lesson again.
16. To speak the truth, I have not yet taken my meal.	If I should speak the truth, I have not yet taken my meal.
17 This being granted the rest is easy.	If this is granted, the rest is easy.
18. He could not attend school because of + his illness.	He could not attend school because he was ill.
19. Notwithstanding the heat of the sun we must go out.	Though the sun is hot, we must go out.
20. This book is certainly good, having been written by an eminent author..	This book is certainly good, as it has been written by an eminent author.
21. Some were thrown into prison, others being exiled from the country.	Some were thrown into prison, while others were exiled from the country.
22. They congratulated themselves on their success.	They congratulated them- selves that they had succeeded.
23. The orator spoke with incomparable fluency.	The orator spoke so fluently that nobody else could be com pared with him.
24. He seemed to speak with unusual earnestness.	He seemed to speak with more earnestness than was usual with him.
25. I will work diligently so as to stand first in the class.	I will work diligently that I may stand first in the class.
26. I am sorry for having hurt his feelings.	I am sorry that I hurt his feelings.
27. His desire is in propor- tion to his riches.	The more he has (or The richer he is) the more he desires.
28. His liking for her is inversely proportional to the length of time of his looking at her.	The more he looked at her, the less he liked her.

Simple	Complex
1. In the event of his being late he will be punished.	If he comes late, he will l be punished.
2. I will come weather permitting.	I will come if weather permits.
3. Taking everything into consideration our lot is not a happy one.	If one takes everything into consideration, (or if everything is taken into consideration) our lot is not a happy one.
4. Having rested for some- time we continued our journey.	After we (had) rested for sometime, we continued our journey.
5. I having the start, my opponent was at a dis- advantage.	As I had the start, my opponent was at a dis- advantage.
6. To the surprise of all, he was acquitted.	He was acquitted, so that all were surprised.
7. To add to the confusion, the crowd rushed down the street.	The crowd rushed down the street, so that they (or it) added to the confusion.
8. Who are you to find fault with me?	Who are you that you should find fault with me?
9. We eat to live.	We eat that we may live.
10. His boldness grew in proportion to his difficulties.	The greater his difficulties (became), the bolder he grew.
11. He looks like a man possessed by a devil.	He looks as if he were possessed by a devil.
12. The Assyrian came down like a wolf on a fold.	The Assyrain came down as a wolf comes down on a fold.
13. I should have been a fool to do so.	I should have been a fool if I had done so.
14. I should be sorry to lose this chance.	I should be sorry if I were to lose this chance.

From Complex to Simple

A Complex sentence may be changed into a Simple sen- tence by contracting Subordinate clauses into phrases; as :-

Simple	Complex
1. It is said that the house is on fire.	The house is said to be on fire.
2. This is a thing that occurs daily.	This is a thing of daily occurrence.
3. When he opened the box, he found it empty.	On opening the box, he found it empty.
4. After he arrived, he slept for an hour.	Having arrived, he slept for an hour.
5. When the sun had set, he darened the land.	Having set, the sun darkened the land.
6. When the sun had set, they stopped playing.	The sun having set, they stopped playing.
7. When the day dawned, they all woke up.	The day dawning, they all woke up.
8. The more they are, the merrier they will be.	Their mirth will be in proportion to their num- ber.
9. I am sorry that I have given you much trouble.	I am sorry to have given you much trouble.
10. It is reported that Krishna won the match.	Krishna is reported to have won the match.
11. The teacher knew that the boy has passed.	The teachr knew the boy to have passed (or) The boy was known to have passed.
12. I believe he is speaking the truth.	He is believed to be speaking the truth.
13. He hopes that he can finish the work by tomorrow.	He hopes to be able to finish the work by tomorrow.
14. Everyone expects she will win the prize.	Everyone expects her to win the prize (or) She is expected (by everyone) to win the prize.
15. I do not believe that he is honest.	I do not believe in his honest.
16. The correspondent reports that Nehru arrived in Delhi.	Nehu is reported to have arrived in Delhi.
17. It is known that they were honest.	They are known to have been honest.
18. I consider that he is honest..	I consider him to be honest. or He is cosidered to be honest.
19. I thought he was seven- teen at the time of his marriage.	He was thought to be seventeen at the of his marriage

A Complex sentence may be changed into a Simple sentence by using the Nominative Absolute Construction.

Complex	Simple
As the wind was foourable, the ship set sail.	The wind, being favourable, the ship set sail.

From Complex to Compound

A Complex sentence may be changed into a Compound sentence by changing the subordinate clause into a Co-ordi- nating Principal clause with the aid of a Co-ordinating conjunction.

Complex	Compound
1. I love him because he is good.	He is good and therefore I love him.
2. Unless you mend your ways, you will get into trouble.	You must mend your ways if not (= otherwise) you will get into trouble.
3. The more one reads the wiser one grows.	One has already read much, and it only makes one grow so much wiser.
4. I am sure that you are doing your best.	You are doing your best and I am sure of it.
5. He would gladly give me money, if he had any to spare.	He had no money to spare or he would gladly give me.
6. He loved me so much that he sacrificed his life for my sake.	He sacrified his life for my sake and he loved me so much (or such was his love).
7. Don’t waste your time lest you should fail.	You may fail and therefore do not waste your time.
8. I have found the book that I lost.	I lost a book and I have found it.
9. He talks as if he were mad.	He talks like a mad man, but he is not mad.
10. All stood up as soon as he entered.	He entered and immediately all stood up.
11. You have not acted as I advised you.	I advised you, but you have not acted accordingly.
12. If he meets me, I will tell him to stay away.	He may meet me, and in that case I will tell him to stay away
13. I will make tea when the kettle boils.	Let the kettle boil, and then I will make tea.
14. I will do my best lest I should be judged unfit.	I do not wish to be judged unfit and therefore I will do my best.
15. I correct the boy whenever he goes wrong.	The boy occasionally goes wrong but I always correct him.
16. We have had nothing but trouble, since he came here.	He came here, and we have had nothing but trouble since.
17. He is more industrious than clever.	He is somewhat clever, but his industry exceeds his cleveness.
18. He did not leave her till she gave her promise.	She gave her promise and it was only then that he left her.
19. If he is right, I must be wrong.	He or I must be wrong.
20. If he confesses his guilt, I shall excuse him.	Let him confess his guilt and in that case I shall excuse him.
21. You may ask why I resigned the post.	I resigned the post, and you may ask the reason for it.
22. If only I meethim, I can convince him.	Let me but once meet him and I can convince him.

From Compound to Complex

A Compound sentence may be converted into a Com- plex sentence by changing all the principal clauses retaining only one, into one or more subordinate clauses with the help of one or more subordinating conjunctions.

Compound	Complex
1. The boy was ill and so he could not attend school.	The boy could not attend school as he was ill.
2. We are few, but we are of the right sort.	Though we are few, we are of the right sort.
3. He saw the danger and paused.	When he saw the danger, he paused.
4. He aimed at winning the prize and worked hard.	He worked hard that he might. win the prize.
5. He had to sign or be executed.	If he had not signed, he would have been excecuted.
6. Fast bind, fast find.	When you have found some thing make sure your possession of it (or) Lock up what you would not lose.
7. First finish your lessons, then you may go out to play.	When you have finished your lessons, you may go out to play.
8. He staggers like a drunken man, but he is not truly drunk.	He staggers as if he had drunk.

From Simple to Compound

A Simple sentence may be converted into a Compound sentence by changing a phrase into a Co-ordinating Principal clause with the aid of a Co-ordinating conjunction.

Simple	Compound
1. Notwithstanding all his efforts, he failed.	He made several efforts but failed.
2. I punished him for his negligence.	He was negligent and there- fore I punished him.
3. But for his laziness, he would have passed.	He was lazy, or else (otherwise) he would have passed. (or) He was lazy, hence he failed.
4. Besides robbing the child, he murdered it.	He not only robbed the child but murdered it.
5. He must confess his fault to escape being fined.	He must confess his fault or he will be fined.
6. Owing to bad health he could not work.	He was in bad health, and so he could not work.
7. To his disgrace he betrayed his country.	He betrayed his country and this was to his disgrace.
8. To avoid punishment you must confess.	Either you must confess or you must be punished.
9. The sun having risen the fog disappeared.	The sun rose and he fog disappeared.
10. In the event of his being late, he will be punished	He must not be late or he will be punished.
11. Failing prompt payment of the bill, the goods must be returned.	You must either pay the bill at once or return the goods.
12. Finding a lion’s skin an ass put it on to frighten the other beasts.	An ass found a lion’s skin and put it on to frighten the other beasts.
13. You must work hard in order to pass.	You must work hard or you will not pass.
14. You may escape by running away..	Run away, otherwise you will be caught (or) You may run away and thus escape.
15. His boldness grew in proportion to his difficulties.	His difficulties already became great, but they only made him grow so much bolder.
16. By walking fast youcan catch the train.	Walk fast and you can catch the train.

Combine the folliwing sets into (a) Simple, (b) Complex and (b) Compound sentences:

(1) Rama was th son of Dasaratha. He ruled over Ayodhya.
(2) He was a mere boy. He offered to fight with the giant.
(3) He studied hard. He failed in the examination.
(4) Turn to the left. You will find a temple.
(5) Work hard. Otherwise you will fail.
(6) Complete the work by this evening. You will be fined.
(7) Sita is clever. She is also good.
(8) He heard a loud sound. He woke up.
(9) The wind was favourable. The ship sailed fast.
(10) He was tired of play. He sat down to rest.
(11) He is very weak. He cannot walk to school.
(12) He worked hard. Otherwise he would have failed.
(13) He ran. He would have missed the train.
(14) He has already read much. It only makes him grow so much wiser.
(15) He is good. I love him.
(16) He sacrificed his life for my sake. He loved me so much.
(17) The teacher entered the class. At once all the pupils stood up.
(18) He helped me. Otherwise I should have been drowned.
(19) The girl was robbed of her jewellery. She was also murdered.
(20) The sun had set. He darkened the landscape.
(21) The sun had set. We stopped playing foot-ball.
(22) I will do my best. I do not wish to be judged unfit.
(23) I advised you how to act. You did not act accordingly.
(24) You are directed how to rewrite the sentences. Rewrite them accordingly.
(25) There were no rains. The crops failed.
(26) I sent my servant to the market. He was to buy fruits for me.
(27) He wants to get through the examination. He worked hard.
(28) He was punished. That was right.
(29) His friends arrived in time. He was very pleased.
(30) He is feverish. He has applied for leave. (
31) A was more intelligent than B. A failed.
(32) Speak the truth I kill you.
(33) Speak the truth. I reward you.
(34) Rama heard of his success in the examination. This was to his great joy.
(35) Do not waste time. You may fail.
(36) He had arrived. He slept for an hour.
(37) He was going through a forest. He met a tiger.
(38) I received no replies to my letters. I therefore issued a registered notice.
(39) Krishna had all the benefits of education and wealth. He never made a name.
(40) I bought a table. It was made of stainless steel.
(41) He has failed narrowly only in one subject by a few marks. He wishes to sit for the whole examination.
(42) The general had fled. The army was defeated.
(43) The post was attacked by superior numbers. The defenders had to surrender.
(44) He opened the box. He found a gold necklace.
(45). My friend joined the army. I have not seen him since
(46) I joined the army. I have not seen my son so far.
(47) creditors. This was very dishonest.
(48) Rama was very tall. He could jump over the wall.
(50) It must be done. We should not count the cost.
(51) I have seen an advertisement for a typist’s post in ‘The Express’. I apply for it.
(52) He may meci me. In that case I shall give him your letter.
(53) He was short of funds. Otherwise he would spare me some money.
(54) He rarely commits blunders. I invariably punish him.
(55) He oc- casionally pays me a visit. He always brings me a fruit.
(56) He must not be late. He will be punished. (57) You travel more. You will grow so much experienced.

Ans: (1) Rama the son of Dasaratha, ruled over Ayodhya. Rama, who was the son of Dasaratha, ruled over Ayodhya. Rama was the son of Dasaratha and he ruled over Ayodhya.
(2) In spite of (despite) his being a mere boy, he offered to fight with the giant. Though he was a mere boy, he offered to fight with the giant. He was a mere boy but he offered to fight with the giant.
(4) Turning to the left, you will find a temple. If you turn to the left, you will find a temple.. Turn to the left and you will find a temple.
(5) Failing to work hard you will not pass. If you do not work hard (or Unless you work hard) you will fail. Work hard or you will fail.
(7) Besides being clever, Sita is good. Sita who is clever is also good. Sita is not only clever but good.
(8) On hearning a loud sound he woke up. When he heard a loud sound, he woke up. He woke up for he heard a lound sound.
(9) The wind being favourable, the ship sailed fast. The ship sailed fast because the wind was favourable. The wind was favourable and therefore the ship sailed fast.
(12) But for his hard work, he would have failed. If he had not worked hard, he would have failed. He worked hard, so he passed.
(14) His wisdom is in proportion to his reading. The more he reads, the wiser he grows. He has already read much and it only makes him grow so much wiser.
(22) I will do my best so as not to be judged unfit. I will do my best lest I should be judged unfit. I do not wish to be judged unfit, so I will do my best.
(24) Rewrite the sentences according to the direction. Rewrite the sentences as directed.
(28) He was rightly punished. It was right (that) he was punished.
(29) The timely arrival of his friends pleased him. He was pleased that his friends arrived in time.
(30) To his great joy, Rama heard of his success in the examination. He was rejoiced to hear that he passed the examination.
(35) You may fail by wasting time. Do not waste time lest you should fail. Do not waste time, otherwise, you may fail.
(48) He fled his creditors….a dis-honest act. (or) It was dishonest of him to have fled from his creditors.
(40) It must be done at any cost. It must be done whatever it might cost. It must be done, no matter what it costs.
(51) Having seen an advertisement for a typist’s post in “The Express” I apply for it. I apply for a typist’s post for which I have seen an advertisement in “The Express”.
(52) In the event of (in case of) his meeting me, I shall give him your letter. If he meets me, I shall give him your letter. Let him meet me and I shall give your letter.
(53) Except for want of sufficient funds, he would spare me some (money). He had no money to spare, otherwise he would spare me some (money).
(54) 1 invariably punish him even for blunders rarely committed. I invariably punish him for blunders though he commits them rarely. He rarely commits blunders, but I invariably punish him.
(55) He occasionally pays me a visit bringing me a fruit every time. He brings me a fruit whenever he pays me an occasional visit. He occasionally pays me a visit, but he always brings me a fruit.
(56) In the event of his being late he will be punished. If he comes late, he will be punished He must not be late or hewill be punished.