1. Combine into one sentence by and:

Separate Sentences
(1) Jack went up the hill.
(2) Jill went up the hill.

Combined Sentence
Jack and Jill went up the hill.

1. The child laughs The child talks.
2. You should love your brothers. You should love your sisters.
3. The dog is a domestic animal. The cat is a domestic animal.
4. John is a very good boy. James is a very bad boy.
5. The boy is good. The boy is clever.
6. I met Rama. I met Gopal.
7. The merchant sellls tea. He sells coffee. He sells sugar.
8. The man can read. The man can write.

Read and Learn more English Grammar Topics

2. Combine into one sentence by or:

Separate sentences
(1) Give me tea.
(2) Give me coffee.

Combined Sentence
Give me tea or coffee.

1. The boy is lazy. The boy is dull.
2. Give me a pen. Give me a pencil.
3. I must find the slate. I must buy another.
4. The book is lost. The book is stolen.
5. He stole the book. His sister stole the book.
6. He must win the battle. He must die.
7. People travel by railway. People travel by road. People travel by sea.

3. Combine into one sentence by
(1) either. … or
(2) neither …nor..
(3) both and :-

Separate sentences
(1) The father is ill.
(2) The son is ill

Combined Sentences
1. Either the father or the son is ill.
2. Neither the father nor the son is ill.
3. Both the father and the son are ill.

1. The man can read. The man can write.
2. Heis deaf. He is stupid.
3. The king was weak in mind. The king was weak in body.
4. He is mistaken. His brother is mistaken.
5. The horse is for sale. The carriage is for sale.
6. That shot will strike the house. That shot will strike the rider.
7. This man sinned. His parents sinned.
8. You are responsible for this.Your cousin is responsible for this.

4. Combine into one sentence by than :
Separate sentences 

1. Govind is tall. Krishna is taller.
2. Working men drink ~much beer. So much  is not good for them. 3. The Romans followed  Brutus. Rome knew no  nobler son. :

Combined sentence
1. Krishna is taller than Govind.
2. Working men drink much beer than is good for them.
3. The Romans followed Brutus than whom Rome knew no nobier son.

1. Rama is strong. Gopal is stronger.
2. The Godavari is long. The Ganges is longer.
3. James has many friends. John has more friends.
4. Krishna writes well. Gopal writes better.
5. Silver is heavy. Gold is heavier.
6. There are many houses in Ellore. There are more houses in Kakinada.
7. He looks a fool. Heisa bigger fool.
8. Sankara isa great philosopher in Advaita. India has not produced his better.

5. Combine into one sentence by but :

Separate Sentences
He tried hard. He did not succeed.
Combined sentence
He tried hard but did not succeed.

1. Govnid is clever. Govind is careless.
2. The man is rich. The man is not happy.
3. He can write very fast. He cannot write well.
4. The manis good. The man is not wise.
5. He is poor. He is very honest. 6. The boy is dull. The boy is very painstaking. :

6. (a) Combine each of the following sets into a complex sentence, the subordinate clause being a Noun Clause :

Separate sentences

1. That gentleman’s plan may or may not be carried out. Time only can show the result.
2. Somebody has broken my slate. I should like. to discover the person.
3. Rama is the cleverest boy in the class. This fact must be admitted.
4. I passed the examination. linformed my father of it.

Combined sentence

1. Time only can show whether that gentleman’s plan may or may not be carr- ied out.
2. Ishould like to discover who has breken my slate.
3. It must be admitted that Rama is the cleverest boy in the class.
4. l informed my father that I had passed the examination.

1. Columbus had discovered a new continent. He did not know it.
2. The rose is the sweetest of flowers. This is certain.
3. He is going to some place. No one knows it.
4. He will get out of this difficulty in some way or other. His way o!
doing it is known to one but himself.
6. Someone will be selected to watch my work. My reputation will depend onhim
7. Is there any hope of success? That was my question.
8. He was innocent. That was the verdict of the Judge.
9. Someone has been making a great noise. I should like to know the person
11. Moses was buried in some place. The place was neve!_ known.
12. He was dismissed from his post. The reason was clearly explained to him.
13. He will not return. He declared this to be his intention.
14. He says something, we cannot depend onit.
15. I paid this bill last week. lam certain ofit.
16. We lost the match. This was owing to our bad play.
17. When is he coming back ? Who can say ?

6. (b) Combine into one sentence by any one of:
If, unless, though, although, because :-

Separate sentences
1. The string is pulled too  tight. The string breaks. _
2. You must run fast. You cannot catch the train.
3. He is rich. He is not happy.
4. The city was flooded. The rain was excessive.

Combined sentence
1. The string breaks, if it is pulled too tight.
2. Unless you mun fast, you cannot catch the train.
3. Though he is rich, he is . not happy.
4. The city was flooded because the rain was excessive.

1. The stone was very heavy. He could not lift it.
2. He worked hard. He could not pass the examination.
3. You are tired. You may go.
4. Heisa wicked boy. Every-body hates the boy.
5. Walk fast. You cannot catch the train.
6. You need not work. You are unwell.
7. He spoke the truth. He was not believed.
8. Heis very weak. He cannot walk home.
9. Youdo not work. You will not succeed.
10. He fell down. He was not hurt.
11. Youare quick. You will be late.
12. Youare not quick. You will be late.
13. Speak the truth. I shall punish you.
14.Speak the truth. I shall not punish you.
15. He failed many times. He was not dicouraged.
16. You must work hard. You cannot succeed. :

7. Combine into one sentence by any one of When, where, why, after, before, till, until, since, while, so that, such that, for, as, however, would rather, had rather, prefer to, the more «.. the more, etc:

Separate sentences

1. The brave king Arthur was upon the throne. At throne there lived a magician ,called Merlin.
2. That is the field. The money was found there.
3.They fought a duel and killed each other. I wish to know the reason.
4. He purchased a horse.He had previously exa- mined it with care.
5. Think twice. Otherwise do not speak.
6. He ran with all his might.
7. I cannot come. Iam unwell.
8. The nightingale pours forth its songs. During this time all the other birds are still (silent).
9. (a) You must not break ° the tube. You must there- fore pour the mercury into it very carefully.
(b) Some times the storms are very fierce. They even tear up trees by the roots.
10. The pupil behaved in such away that he was sent out of the class.
11. The lion did not kill Androcles, for they were great friends.
12. They went away. In going away, one of them threw back my hat. 13. A man may be very rich. Without health his riches are of little value.
14. Pathick would not bear the insults of his aunt. So he would soon die.
15. He was prepared to remain a bachelor. He would not marry his sister’s daughter.
16. He preferred to err with Plato. He would not be right with Horace.

Combined sentence

1. When the brave king Arthur was upon the that time there lived a magician called Merlin.
2. That is the field where the money was found.
3. I wish to know why they fought a duel and killd each other.
4. He purchased a horse after he (had) previously examined it with care.
5. Think twice before you speak.
6. He ran with all his might till he became dead tired.
7. I cannot come since I am unwell.
8. All the other birds are still, while the nightingale pours forth its songs.
9. (a)You must pour the mercury very carefully into the tube, so that you may not break it.
(b)Sometimes the storms are so fierce that they even tear up trees by the roots.
10. The pupil behaved in such a way that he was sent out of the class.
11. The lion did not kill Androcles, for they were great friends.
12. As they went away, one of them threw back my hat.
13. However rich a man may be, without health his riches are of little value.
14. Pathick would rather face death than bear the insults of his aunt or Pathick would prefer to face death to bearing the insults of his aunt.
15. He would remain a bachelor rather than marry his sister’s daughter.
16. He had rather err with Plato than be right with Horace.

1. He was not at home. I went to his house.
2. This is the__ place. My brother works.
3. The boy was reading. The master~ came up.
4. The moon rose. The sun had set.
5. Itis now two months. I heard from him.
6. Do not go out. The rain has not stopped.
7. The man arrived. The clock had struck two.
8. I do not know. He was absent.
9. cannot say. He slept.
10. A thief goes about his work very cautiously. He does not wish to be caught.
11. He has been very unfortunate. He is always cheerful.
12. He was directed to do something in a certain way. He did it accordingly.
13. The school bell rang. All immediately went to their places.
14. Life may continue for some time. ‘During such time there is still hope. 15. He persevered day and night. Atlast he gained his end.
16. The world may last for an indefinitely long period. During such a period the sun will continue torise.
17. He continued staring at that elephant. He semed not to have seen one before.
18. The mountain increases in height. The air proportionately increases in coolness.
19. Men may behave well or ill in this life. Hereafter they will be blessed or miserable accordingly.
20. He was guilty. The jud get pardoned him all the same.
21. He may be allowed to speak. He can then explain to us everything.
22. I was quite disgusted. | could scarcely conceal my disgust.
23. You know Hindi. i, therefore, need not translate.
24. We cannot go out. Itisso hot.
25. India got Independence in 1947. India has always from that time suffered for want of food.
26. 1 must have your receipt then consent to paying the money.
27. You have treated mein acertain way. I will treat you in the same way. 28. Heisa clever boy. No other boy in the class is cleverer.
29. A man may be very intelligent. Without character his intelligence is of no value.
30. I can walk fast. You can walk faster.
31. He ges there. I will not follow him.
32. lam prepared tolr  I would not sign that false document.
33. Krishna . vinu nc apologise. So he would sooner take punishment.
34. A man gets more wealth. He then wants more.
35. He found out his mistake. He was then very sorry. 36. He was willing to resign. He would not go against his conscience.

8. Combine inta Simple sentence by using a Noun or phrase in Apposition :-

Separate Sentence Combined Sentence

1. Rama was the son of Rama, the son of Dasaratha. Rama ruled Dasaratha , ruled over Ayo- over Ayodhya. dhya.
2. This town was once a This town, once a prosper. prosperous seaport. It ous seaport, is now in is now in ruins. ruins.
3. He fled from his cre- He fled from his creditors- ditors. This was very a very dishonest act. dishonest.

1. Chaucer was born in 1340. He is the first great English poet.
2. Tagore’s famous work is the Gitanjali. It is a collection of short poems.
3. Bruno is my faithful dog. I love him.
4. Gold smith is now one of the greatest prose writers in English. He was once a poor Irish student travelling over Europe on foot.
5. De Lesseps made the Suez canal. This was great work. He was a French Engineer.
6. The Gangesisa river of India. The Ganges is a sacred river. The Ganges flows through a fertile plain into the Bay of Bengal.
7. The works of Tagor::are famous all over the world. Tagoreisa Bengali. Tagoreisa poet.
8. I live in Calcutta. Calcutta is a great city. It is situated on the Hugli. The Hugli is one of the outlets of the Ganges.
9. Cromwell assumed the powers of a king. He had once been a private gentleman. Next, he was a popular leader in the Long Parliament. Then he was the commander of the Parliamentary forces.
10. The Revenge (a ship) was commanded by Sir Richard Grenville. He was a native of Bideford. He was a man well-known in the Spanish seas. He was the terror of the Spanish sailors.
11. Francis Bacon was Lord High Chancellor of Eng- land. He wrote many learned books. He devised a new system of logic. He was nevertheless accused of doing things unwor- thy of his high position.
12. Combine into Simple sentences by using a Preposition with a noun or gerund :- Separate sentences. He was in bad health.

1, The sun rose. They were still in bed.
2.1 pitied him. Everybody pitied him.
3.1 like mangoes. I do not like apples so much.
4. He is very poor. He seems always happy and contented.
5. We meta soldier. He had a rifle in his hand. He had a bayonet by his side.
6. The hare heard approaching footsteps. It picked up its ears.
7.1 met a man going along the road. The man was disguised as a constable.
8. He must be a’ good man. Everyone says he isa good man.
9. He attended to his duties. He earned promotion. 10. He was ill last term. He was unable to attend school.
11. I forgave him his fault. That has not prevented him from repeating it.
12. He expects to obtain leave. He has already bought his steamer ticket.
13.There was want of provisions. The garrison could hold outno longer.
14. He has stolen the purse. There is no doubt about this.
15.Shestood there foran hour. She did not move. She did not speak.
16. It rained all day. The travellers suffered much inconvenience.
17. Julius Caesar wasa distinguished man. His shrewdness and skill on the battle-field made him so.
18. You helped ‘me out of that difficulty. [ should have been ruined otherwise.
19. The man going along there is a highway man. He has disguised himself asa pilgrim.
20. Heis seriously ill. So at least he appears to be.
22. He saved up his money. An evil day might come.
23. He isa man of good character. He would not do anything mean.
24. Kent must leave the kingdom. Hewill be killed otherwise.
25. He has invited me on the road. I take objection to it.
26.1 praise my wife. This she likes. 27. I fined all the boys. My view was to find out the culprit.
28. You — are come. This gives me great pleasure. :

9. Combine into Simple sentences by using Infinitives.
Separate Sentences
1. He has three daughters. He must get them married.
2. He has a house. He wishes to sell it.
3. He is very fat. He cannot run.
4. I heard of his good fortune. I was glad of that. He has a wife and two children.
5. He must provide for them.
6. He lost his health. This added to his difficulties.
7. Napoleon was one of the greatest generals. This is universally acknowledged.
8. I must speak plainly. I have not yet taken my food.

Combined Sentence
1. He has three daughters to get married.
2. He has a house to sell.
3. He is too fat to run.
4. I was glad to hear of his good fortune.
5. He has a wife and two children to provide for.
6. To add to his difficulties he lost his health.
7. Napoleon is universally acknowledged to be one of the greatest generals.
8. To speak plainly I have not yet taken my food.
9. It is better to prevent a disease than to cure it.
10. The only way to cross deserts is by camels.
11. He must confess his fault to escape being fined.
12. I am not afraid to speak the truth in spite of the consequences.
13. Brutus and Cassius decla- red Julius Caesar to be a usurper.
14. The parents were grieved to see the child grow worse every day.
15. Your cousin had not enough industry to win a prize.
16. He works hard to earn his livelihood.

(1) Every man should do his duty. England expects this ofhim.
(2) He obeyed his parents inall things. His willingness in doing so was very pleasing.
(3) He has not even ten paise with him. He could not buy a loaf of bread.
(4) The fox could not drag the goat out of the well. The fox had not sufficient strength.
(5) He sold his few remaining goods. He did this that he might provide food for his family.
(6) He was declared a traitor. His enemies declared this.
(7) You may possibly pass the examination. You will find it extremely difficult.
(8) He wanted to educate his son. He sent him to Europe.
(9) He did notinvestall his savings inonebank. He was prudent.
(10) The planets revolve round the sun. These revolutions have been observed by astronomers.
(11) We hear the cuckoo’s voice in early spring. In England itisa plesant sound.
(12) Ina foot-ball-: matcheach side must haveits captain. The captain controls the team.
(13)I thoroughly distrust that man. Imust speak plainly atonce on this point.
(14) My father was very much delighted. He had heard of my brother’s success.
(15) The general has just come. The inspection of the volunteers was his object.
(16) The bank suddenly broke. Matters were thus made worse.
(17) He framed a resolution. He resolved that he would drink no more wine.
(18) We may give money away. We may receive money. The former is more blessed than the latter.
(19) have told you all. There is nothing more to be said.
(20) He cannot afford a ~ motor-car. Heis too poor.
(21) The painis very great. I cannotbear it.

10. Combine into Simple sentences by using Adverbs or Adverb Phrases :

Seprate sentences   

1. He escaped. This was lucky for him.
2. The sun set. The boys had not finished the game.
3. It must be done. We cannot count the cost.
4. He begged for pardon. His request was not granted.
5. Boys grow up to be men. The growth can- not be seen.
6. I have read Bacon. It has profited me greatly.
7. He was wanting in application . This ruined him.
8. The letter was addressed to the wrong house. It never reached me.
9. Beware of wine. This is of the first importance.
10. He will return to us. He will not be long absent.
11. I was absent. I could not avoid being absent.
12. The monsoon broke early. It was unfor- tunate for the party.

 Combined sentence

1. Luckily, he escaped.
2. The boys had not finished the game by sunset.
3. It must be done at any cost.
4. He begged in vain for pardon.
5. Boys grow up to be men imperceptibly.
6. I have read Bacon to my great profit.
7. He was fatally wanting in application.
8. The letter being wrongly addressed never reached me.
9. Above all things beware of wine.
10. He will return to us before long.
11. I was unavoidably absent.
12. Unfortunately for the party, the monsoon broke early.

(1) You are late for school. This is not usual with you.
(2) He kicked the goalkeeper. It was his intention do so.
(3) He escaped. This was lucky for him. This was lucky for us.
(4) He was ill. He was unable to go to school.
(5) He got into bad habits. These bad habits ruined him.
(6) He came home. He had safe journey.
(7) The boat was leaking. The sinking of the boat was unavoidable.
(8) He invested all hismoney ina single bank. The investment wasnota prudent one.
(9) Thisboy is the cleverest in the school. No other boy can be compared with him.
(10) He will return. He will not be away for many days.
(11) He applied for the post. He did not get it.

Miscellaneous Exercise

Combine into Simple sentences by any one of the last six methods 

(1) The question was a difficult one. I could not answer it.
(2) The meeting was over. They all dispersed.
(3) I was grieved to hear of the death of Ahid. He was my oldest friend.
(4) [have no dictionary. I cannot find out the meaning of this word.
(5) He was walking on the road one day. He metanold beggar.
(6) Mr. Smith was elected chairman. He is a well Known barrister.
(7) He disregarded the teacher’s advice. This wasa foolish thing to do.
(8) This coatis very old. Itis of no use any longer.
(10) He took some of the club money. He was not justified in doing this.
(11) He took up his pen. He begai. to write.
(12) I turned to the left. I found myself close to the station.
(13) All the inmates escaped from the flames. This was fortunate.
(14) John Bunyan wrote the book called Pligrim’s Progress. He had once been a thoughtless youth. After that ne became a religious penitent.
(15) Th French were far inferior to the English onsea. This fact was well known.
(16) Analliance was recently formed in Europe. The parties to the alliance were Germany, Austria and Italy.
(17) The fog was very dense. No one could see his way through.
(18) I explained my case to the doctor.
(19) A crow stole a piece of cheese. She flew to her nest to enjoy the tasty meal.
(20) King George was the greatest monarch. He was King of England. He was Emperor of India.
(21) He was rude. I took no notice it.
(22) She wants to marry a foreigner. Her father is opposed to this.
(23) The Master was out of the room. The door was shut. The boys made a lot of noise.
(24) He has some bills. He must pay them.
(25) He admitted his error. He expressed his regret.

In combining separate sentences, one must find out the central idea and give it its due place by expressing it with the help of a finite verb, while the others may be expressed in phrases by using one or the other of the devices.

11. Combination of three or more simple sentences into a simple sentence :

Examples
(1) Ranga isa good farmer.
(2) He drives a bullock cart.
(3) By this means he supports a large family.

Simple : Ranga a good farmer, supports a large family by driving a bullock cart.

(1) I refreshed him with food and drink.
(2) I then made signs for him to lie down to sleep.
(3) I pointed out a suitable place for the purpose.

Simple: Having refreshed him with food and drink, I made signs for him to lie down to sleep, pointing outa suitable place for the purpose.

(1) The narrative of Columbus came to an end.
(2) The King and Queen then knelt before him.
(3) They offered up grateful thanks-giving to God.
(4) All present did the same.

Simple : The narrative of Columbus having come to an end, the King and Queen, and all present kneeling before him, offered up grateful thanksgiving to God. :

(1) Richard wasthe King of England.
(2) Richard was — wrecked upon the northern shore of the gulf of Venice.
(3)He  then resolved to cross the continent.
(4) He resolved todo this _inthedress ofa pilgrim.
(5) Heresolved to pass under thename of Hugh, the merchant.

Simple : Being wrecked on the northern shore of the gulf of Venice, Richard, the king of England, resolved to cross the continent in the dress of a pilgrim under the name of Hugh, the merchant.

Combine each of the following sets into a simple sentence :

(1) Cranmer was broken down by long imprisonment. He was tempted by promises of life. He then agreed to signal denial of the Protestant Faith.
(2) Mr. & Mrs. Banerjee have * onegreataim. Their aim is to fit these widow sand other young girls to usefulness to life. Their aim is to lead these widows to guide themselves by right principles.
(3) The admiral made a brief delay. He then resumed his journey. He soon entered a harbour.
(4) Columbus went through the country. Multitudes gathered to gaze at him. They slowed down his progress.
(5). Clarendon was proud and peevish.
(6) The General marched upon the enemy. He marched upon them on the 25th of April He did so after light skirmishing. He routed them with great slaughter. The slaughter was so great as to cause stonishment in the minds of the people.
(7) The English were inferior to the French in number. The English defeated the French. The battle was long and well contested. There was no battle, itis said, that ““was fought during the war that was so desperate.
(8) Mysore state isa beautiful country. Itisa fertile country. In superficial area, it execceds Ireland. It fell to the British Government. Itfell by right of conquest. This happened nearly a hundred years __ ago. It happened after the fall of Srirangapatnam.
(9) A . woodman was cutting down a tree. The tree was beside a river. The river was deep. He let his axe slip. It fell intothe water.
(10) He had to raise the siege of Prague. He had to retreat in good order. He had to hurry his army by different routes out of Bohemia. Nothing else remained for him todo:
(11) Some of his tastes were good. Others were bad. Some of his habits were good. Others were bad. All his tastes and habits were English.
(12) He cast a look at his basket. He then saw a dog. The dog had his nose in the basket.

12. Combination of three or more simple sentences into a complex sentences.

Examples

1, Simple: The car dashed past us at terrible sped. I was afraid. There would soon be an accident. : Complex: The car dashed pastus at sucha terrible speed that I feared there would be an accident.
2. Complex: Though the crew were full of doubts and fears that they might sail on for ever, they were comforted at last by seeing some birds and a branch with berries on it.
3. Simple: Columbus was helped by some merchants of the town of Palos. He go this three ships. Only one of the three ships was decked. The other two were open boats of half the size of the first. The first was named Santa Maria. 

Complex: Columbus helped by some merchants of the town of Palos got his three ships, only one of which was decked, the others being open boats of half the size of the first which was named the Santa Maria.

Combine each of the following groups into a complex sentence:- 

(1)He may be rich. He does not use any of his wealth tor, the benefit of others. He will not be happy.
(2) You may admit | it. You may not admit it. He is your superior in mathematics.
(3) The prince had promised very much. He could not perform so surprised.
(4) Columbus had discovered a new continent. ~ Hedied ignorant of this fact. He believed to the day of his death that he had sailed round the world. It is interesting to note this.
(5) I was walking home the other day. I lost a book. I was carrying it. I was amxdous to read it.
(6) I was thus musing. I cast my eyes eastwards towards the top of a rock. The rock was not far from me. I discoverd a person on the rock. He was in ._ the dress of a shepherd. He was in reality a being of a superior ‘nature.
(7) Examinations are formidable. They are so, even to the best prepared. The reason is this. The greatest fool may easily ask questions. The wisest may not be able to answer – them.
(8) Macro Polo returned to his own house dressed in Tartar garb. He was refused admission by his own servants. This story is told of him.