Analysis Of Complex Sentences : Definition & Types with Examples in Telugu

అధ్యాయము 8

Analysis Of Complex Sentences
(Clause Analysis)

57. ఒక complex వాక్యమును గాని, compound వాక్యమును గాని analysis చెయ్యమని (పరిశీలన చెయ్యమని) ఇచ్చినపుడు అట్టి వాక్యమునకు సంపూర్ణమైన పరిశీలన అవసరం లేదు. Clause analysis చేస్తే సరిపోతుంది. అనగా వాక్యమును ముందుగా clauses గా విడగొట్టవలయును. తరువాత ఆ వివిధములైన clauses కు గe relationship ను వివరించవలయును..

58. ఒక Complex sentence ను పరిశీలించి వివరించునపుడు, అందులో మొదట చేయవలసింది. Principal Clause (Main Clause)ను కనుగొనుట. తరువాత Subordinate Clause ను గాని Subordinate Clauses ను గాని గుర్తించవలయును. ఆఖరున ప్రతి Subordinate Clause కు Principla Clause తో ఉన్న సంబంధాన్ని గుర్తించవలయును.

59. ఈ క్రింది వాక్యములను జాగ్రత్తగా గమనించండి. ఇచ్చట ఈ Complex వాక్యములను పరిశీలించుట (analysis) అవసరము.
Whenever he heard the question, the old man who lived in that house, answered that the earth is flat.
Subordinate clauses
Complex sentence:
1. The old man………. answered (Principal clause).
2. Whenever he heard the question. (Adverb clause of time, modifying answered in 1.)
3. Who lived in that house. (Adjective clause, qualifying man in 1.)
4. That the earth is flat. (Noun clause, object of answered in 1.)

Read and Learn more Analysis Transformation of Sentences

60. కొన్ని సందర్భములలో ఒక Subordinate clause లో మరియొక Subordinate clause ఉంటుంది. అనగా ఒక Subordinate clause ఇంకొక Subordinate clause పైన ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది.
(A) I think that he destroyed the letter which you sent there.
1. I think…. (Principal clause.)
2. That he destroyed the letter (Noun Clause, Object of think in 1)
3. Which you sent there….
(Adjective clause, subordinate to 2, qualifying letter.)

(B) He replied that he worked whenever he liked.
1. He replied… (Principal clause.)
2. That he worked… (Noun clause, object of replied in 1.)
3. Whenever he liked….. (Adverb clause, subordinate to 2, modifying worked.)

(C) I know the man who said that this would happen.
1. I know the man…… (Principal clause).
2. Who said…….. (Adjective clause, qualifying man in 1.)
3. That this would happen. (Noun clause, subordinate to 2, object of said.)

61. One afternoon, as in that sultry clime
It is the custom in the summer-time.,
With bolted doors and window-shutters closed,
The inhabitants of Atri slept or dozed.
When, suddenly upon their senses fell
The loud alarm of the accusing bell!
రెండు subordinate clauses ఉన్న Complex వాక్యములు
1. One afternoon, with bolted doors and window shutters closed, the inhabitants of Atri slept or dozed. (Principal clause).
2. As in that sultry clime it is the custom in the summer-time. (Adverb clause of manner, modifying slept or dozed in 1.)
3. When, suddenly, upon their senses fell the loud alarm of the accusing bell. (Adverb clause of time, modifying slept or dozed in 1)

62. ఈ క్రింద చూపబడిన మరికొన్ని ఉదాహరణలు :
(1) Breathes there the man with soul so dead
Who never to himself hath said,
‘This is my own, my native land?”
రెండు subordinate clauses ఉన్న Complex వాక్యములు
1. Breathes there the man with soul so dead…. (Principal clause).
2. Who never to himself hath said
(Adjective clause, qualifying man in 1)
3. This is my own, my native land?’ (Noun clause, subordinate to 2, object of hath said.)

(2) Everyone who knows you, acknowledges,
when he considers the case calmly,
that you have been wronged.
మూడు subordinate clauses ఉన్న Complex వాక్యములు
1. Everyone acknowledges…. (Principal clause)
2. Who knows you. (Adjective clause, qualifying one in 1.)
3. When he considers the case calmly. (Adverb clause, modifying acknowledges in 1.)
4. That you have been wronged. (Noun clause, object of acknowledges in 1.)

(3) Do the work that is nearest,
Tho’ it’s dull at whiles
Helping when you meet them.
Lame dogs over stiles.
మూడు subordinate clauses ఉన్న Complex వాక్యములు
1. [You) do the work, helping lame dogs over stiles. (Principal clause.)
2. That’s nearest. (Adjective clause, qualifying work in 1)
3. Tho’ it’s dull at whiles. (Adverb clause of concession, modifying helping in 1.)
4. When you meet them. (Adverb clause of time, modifying helping in 1.)

(4) I knew a man who believed that, if a man were permitted to make the ballads, he need not care who made the laws of a nation.
నాలుగు subordinate clauses ఉన్న Complex వాక్యములు
1. I knew a man… (Principal clause)
2. Who believed…. (Adjective clause, qualifying a man in 1.)
3. That he need not care. (Noun clause,subordinate to 2, object of believed)
4. Who made the laws of a nation. (Noun clause, subordinate 2, object of care.)
5. If a man were permitted to make the ballads, Adverb clause of condition,
subordinate to 3, modifying need not care.

(5) The man who can play most heartily when he has the chance of playing, is generally the man who can work heartily when he must work.
రెండు subordinate clauses ఉన్న Complex వాక్యములు
1. The man is generally the man… (Principal clause.)
2. Who can play most heartily. [Adjective clause, qualifying man (subject) in 1.]
3. When he has the chance of playing. [Adverb clause, subordinate to 2, modifying play.)
4. Who can work most heartily. (Adjective clause. qualifying man (complement) in 1.]
5. When, he must work. (Adverb clause, subordinate to 4, modifying work).

(6) Should you be so unfortunate as to suppose that you are a genius, and that things will come to you, it would be well to undeceive yourself as soon as it is possible.
నాలుగు subordinate clauses ఉన్న Complex వాక్యములు :
1. It would be well to undeceive yourself. (Principal clause).
2. As soon as it is possible. (Adverb clause of time, subordinate to 1)
3. Should you be so unfortunate as to suppose…. (Adverb clause of condition, subordinate to 1.)
4. That you are a genius. (Noun clause. Subordinate to 3, object of to suppose.)
5. And that things will come to you. (Noun clause, co-ordinate with 4, and subordinate to 3, object of to suppose.)

అభ్యాసము 56
ఈ క్రింది వాక్యములను పరిశీలించండి:-
1. As my eldest son was bred a scholar, I determined to send him to town, where his abilities might contribute to our support and his own.
2 Clive had been only a few months in the army, when intelligence arrived that peace had been concluded between Great Britain and France.
3. He told us that he had read Milton, in a prose translation, when he was fourteen.
4. I had a partial father, who gave me a better education than his broken fortune would have allowed.
5. With whatever luxuries a bachelor may be surrounded, he will always find his happiness incomplete, unless he has a wife and children.
6. Among the many reasons which make me glad to have been born in England, one of the first is that I read Shakespeare in my mother tongue.
7. He [Pope] professed to have learned his poetry from Dryden, whom, whenever an opportunity was presented, he praised through his whole life with unvaried liberality.
8. We who are fortunate enough to live in this enlightened century hardly realize how our ancestors suffered Jon from their belief in the existence of mysterious and malevolent beings.
9. We cannot justly interpret the religion of any people, unless we are prepared to admit that we ourselves are liable to error in matters of faith.
10. Milton said that he did not educate his daughters in the languages, because one tongue was enough for a woman.
11. The man who does not see that the good of every living creature is his good, is a fool. Nothing can describe the confusion of thought which I felt when I sank into the water.
12. We had in this village, some twenty years ago, a boy whom I well remember, who from his childhood showed a strong liking for bees.
13. Considering that the world is so intricate, we are not to be surprised that science has progressed slowly.
14. You take my house when you do take the prop that doth sustain my house.
15. I heard a thousand blended notes, while in a grove I sat reclined
16. In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts bring sad thoughts to the mind.
17. Much as we like Shakespeare’s comedies, we cannot agree with Dr. Johnson that they are better than his tragedies.
18. Those who look into practical life will find that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious, as the winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators.
19. He who sits from day to day, where the prisoned lark is hung.
Heedless of its loudest lay, hardly knows that it has sung.
20. History says that Socrates, when he was given the cup of hemlock, continued to talk to the friends who were standing around him as he drank it.
21. I have no sympathy with the poor man I knew, who, when suicides abounded, told me he dared not look at his razor.

అధ్యాయము 9

Analysis Of Compound Sentences
(Clause Analysis)

64. Compound వాక్యము రెండుగాని అంతకంటే ఎక్కువగాని independent వాక్యముల కలయిక వలనగాని లేక అదే విధముగా principal clauses కలయిక వలనగాని ఏర్పడుట జరుగును. ఈ కలయిక Co-ordinating conjunction Seo.
1. The horse reared and the rider was thrown.
[2 main clauses)
2. They were fond of music, played on various kinds of instruments and indulged in much singing.
[3 main clauses]
3. They asked him how he received the wound, but he refused to answer.
[2 main clauses + 1 subordinate clause].
4. He says what he means, and he means what he says.
[2 main clauses + 2 subordinate clauses]
ఇలా ఒక compound sentence form అయినపుడు అందులోని main clause ఒక simple sentence గాని, ఒక complex sentence గాని అయి ఉంటుంది. ఒక వాక్యము రెండు main clauses తో ఏర్పడినపపుడు double అనే పదాన్ని వాడతాము. ఈ విషయం ఇంతకుముందే చెప్పడం జరిగింది (27). రెండు కంటే ఎక్కువ main clauses ఉన్నపుడు multiple (బహుళ) అనే పదాన్ని వాడతాము.

65. ఈ విధంగా 1, 3 మరియు 4వ ఉదాహరణలను Double sentences అనియు, 2వ ఉదాహరణను Multiple వాక్యము అనియు అనవచ్చును.

66. Compound sentence లోని రెండు main clauses యొక్క కలయిక నాలుగు విధములుగా ఉంటుంది :-
1) Copulative (సంయోగ సంబంధమైన)
God made the country and man made the town.
Babar was not only a great soldier, he was also a wise ruler.
He cannot speak, nor can he write.
He plays the piano, he sings also.
The innocents were punished as well as the guilty.
పైన ఉన్న ప్రతి వాక్యము రెండు clauses ను భౌతికంగా జత చేయుటవలన ఏర్పడినది.

2) Adversative (విభిన్న ప్రకృతుల కలయిక)
He is slow, but he is sure.
I did my best, nevertheless I failed.
He is rich. yet he is not happy.
He is vain, still his friends adore him.
పైన వాక్యములలో రెండు విభిన్న ధోరణులకలయిక చూపబడినది.

3) Alternatives (ఒక దానికి బదులుగా ఇంకొకటి వాడబడిన)
She must weep, or she will die.
Either he is mad, or he feigns madness.
Neither a borrower, nor a lender be.
Walk quickly, else you will not overtake him.
పై వాక్యములలో భావములలో choice ఇవ్వబడినది.

4) lllative (సారాంశమును చూపునవి)
He is diligent, therefore he will succeed.
He is unwell, so he cannot attend office.
The angles are equal, consequently the sides are equal.
ఇచ్చట రెండవ clause, మొదటి దానినుండి సారాంశమును గ్రహించినది.

67. కొన్ని సందర్భములలో ఎట్టి joining word లేకుండగనే రెండు clause లను కలపడం జరుగుతుంది. Temperance promotes health, intemperance destroys it.
Her court was pure; her life serene.

68. కొన్ని సందర్భములలో Compound వాక్యములోని రెండు clause లను కలుపుటకు Subordinate Conjunction ను వాడుట జరుగుతుంది.
I shall see you tomorrow, when (= and then) we can finish the business.
I walked with him to the station, where (= and there) we parted.

69. ఒక భావమును ఇంకొక భావముతో పోల్చి చూపినపుడు వానిలోని విరుద్ధమైన భావాన్ని కుదింది. చూపడం జరుగుతుంది. ఈ క్రింది main clauses ను చూడండి :-
1) ఒక common Subject విషయంలో
He chid their wanderings, but relieved their pain.
He chid their wanderings, but he relieved their pain.

2) ఒక common Verb విషయంలో
Some praise the work, and some the architect.
= Some praise the work, and some praise the architect.

70. ఈ క్రింద చూపిన clauses యొక్క వివరణను చూడండి :-
(1) One day Bassanio came to Antonio, and told him that he wished to repair his
fortune by a wealthy marriage with a lady whom he dearly loved, whose father had
left her sole heiress to a large estate.
వివరణ: పైన చూపిన వాక్యము Compound లేక Double వాక్యము. దానిలో ఈ క్రింద చూపబడిన భావములు ఉన్నవి.
A One day Bassanio came to Antonio. (Principal clause)
B. Bassanio told him… (Principal clause, co-ordinate with A.)
b1. That he wished to repair his fortune by a wealthy marriage with a lady. (Noun clause, object of told in B.)
b2. Whom he dearly loved. (Adjective clause, subordinate to b1, qualifying lady.)
b3. Whose father had left her sole heiress to a large estate. (Adjective clause, subordinate to b1, qualifying lady, and co-ordinate with b2.)

(2) Before he died, the good Earl of Kent, who had still attended his old master’s steps from the first of his daughters’ ill-usage to this sad period of his decay, tried to make him understand that it was he who had followed him under the name of Caius; but Lear’s care-crazed brain at that time could not comprehend how that could be, or how Kent and Caius could be the same person.
1.  This is a Compound or Double sentence, consisting of
2 The good Earl of Kent tried to make him understand…(Principal clause).
A a1. Before he died. (Adverb clause, modifying tried in A).
a2. Who had still attended his old master’s steps from the first of his daughters’ ill-usage to this sad period of his decay. (Adjective clause, qualifying Earl of Kent in A.)
a3. That it was he. (Noun clause, object of understand in A.)
a4. Who had followed him under the name of Gaius. (Adjective clause, subordinate to a3, qualifying he.)
But Lears’s care-crazed brain at that time could not comprehend (Principal clause, coordinate with A.)
B b1. How that could be. (Noun clause, object of comprehend in B.)
b2. Or how Kent and Caius could be the same person. (Noun clause, object of comprehend in B; co- ordinate with b1.)

అభ్యాసము 57
ఈ క్రింది వానిని సవివరంగా వివరించండి :-
1. I am satisfied with things as they are; and it will be my pride and pleasure to hand down this country to my children as I received it from those who preceded me.
2. Some politicians of our time lay it down as a self-evident proposition that no people ought to be free till they are fit to use their freedom.

3. He [a gentleman] never speaks of himself except when compelled, never defends himself by a mere retort; he has no ears for slander or gossip, is scrupulous in. imputing motives to those who interfere with him, and interprets everything for the best.
4. Subhash Chandra Bose died before his aim was achieved, and yet he will always be remembered as a great hero, who fought and sacrificed his life for the freedom of the courtry.
5. The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labours, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it.
6. I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess.obligations where no benefit has been received, or to be unwilling that the public should consider me as owing that to a patron, which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.
7. While I was doing this, I found the tide began to flow, though very calm, and I had the mortification to see my coat, shirt, and waistcoat, which I had left on shore upon the sand, swim away.
8. With reluctance he accepted the invitations of his kindly and faithful Persian friend, who scolded him for refusing meat; but he replied that too much eating led man to commit many sins.
9. Macaulay had wealth and fame, rank and power, and yet he tells us in his biography that he owed the happiest hours of his life to books.
10. A literary education is simply one of many different kinds of education and it is not wise that more than a small percentage of the people of any country should have an exclusively liten ry education.
11. The way into my parlour is. up a winding stair, And I’ve many curious things to show when you are there.
12. They love to see the flaming forge,
13. And hear the bellows soar,
And catch the burning sparks that fly,
Like chaff from a threshing floor.
The friends who had left came back every one,
And darkest advisers looked bright as the sun.
14. She lived unknown and few could know,
When Lucy ceased to be.
15. Three wives sat up in the lighthouse tower,
And they trimmed the lamps as the sun went down.
16. His hair was yellow as hay,
But threads of a silvery grey GA
Gleamed in his tawny beard.

అభ్యాసము 58

విభిన్న లక్షణములు గల ఈ క్రింది వాక్యములను సవివరంగా వివరించండి :-
1. When Abraham sat at his tent door, according to his custom, waiting to entertain strangers, he espied an old man, stooping and leaning on his staff, weary with age and travel, coming towards him, who was a hundred years of age.
2 When the old man was gone, God called to Abraham and asked him Where the stranger was.
3. He replied, I thrust him away because he did not worship Thee.
4. While you are upon Earth enjoy the good things that are here (to that end were they given) and be not melancholy, and wish yourself in heaven.
5. There is no saying shocks me so much as that which I hear very often that a man does not know how to pass his time.
6. You must observe, my friend, that it is the custom of this country, when. a lady or gentleman happens to sing, for the company to sit. as mute and as motionless as statues.
7. Mr. Burchell had scarce taken leave, and Sophia consented to dance with the chaplain, when my little ones came running out to tell us that the Squire was come with a crowd of company.
8. I hope it will give comfort to great numbers who are passing through the world in obscurity, when I inform them how easily distinction may be obtained.
9. All who have meant good work with their whole hearts, have done good work, although they may die before they have the time to sign it.
10. We are told that, while still a mere child, he stole away from his playfellows to a vault in St. James’s Fields, for the purpose of investigating the cause of a singular echo which he had observed there.
11. The slave who was at his work not far from the place where this astonishing piece of cruelty was commited, hearing the shrieks of the dying person ran to see what was the occasion of them.
12. Every insignificant author fancies it of importance to the world to know thathe wrote his book in the country, that he did it to pass away some of his idle hours, that it was published at the importunity of friends, or that his natural temper, studies, or conversation directed him to the choice of his subject.
13. I consider a human soul without education like marble in the quarry, which shows none of its inherent beauties, until the skill of the polisher fetches out the colours, makes the surface shine, discovers every ornamental cloud, spot, and view that run through the body of it.
14. When the Athenians in the war with the Lacedaemonians received many defeats both by sea and land, they sent a message to the oracle of Jupiter Ammon, to ask the reason why they who erected so many temples to the gods, and adorned them with such costly offerings, should be less successful than the Lacedaemonians, who fell so short of them in all these particulars.
15. He that holds fast the golden mean,
And lives contentedly between
The little and the great,
Feels not the wants that pinch the poor,
Nor plagues that haunt the rich man’s door, Embittering all his state.